finance

Variable Costs

Costs that scale with sales volume. Materials, commissions, payment processing.

Definition

Variable costs rise and fall with revenue: cost of materials, sales commissions, payment processing fees, hourly contractor costs tied to delivery. They mostly live inside COGS. Variable costs offer flexibility - they shrink when revenue shrinks - but they also limit operating leverage. A pure-variable-cost business never goes bankrupt from low volume but also never gets dramatic margin expansion at scale.

In your business

  • Track variable cost per unit / per sale - it should stay flat or fall as volume grows
  • Renegotiate variable cost rates annually with major suppliers
  • When margin shrinks, it's usually variable cost creep, not fixed cost creep

Related terms

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